A number of years ago, I had an old MS-DOS utility (the exact name of which I can no longer remember) that let me perform a hexadecimal dump of a file. That is, the utility output the hex value of each byte in the file and the ASCII characters for each byte (if printable). This kind of output can be helpful for examining the actual contents of a file, byte by byte. For example, you can see printable strings inside binary files, and you can examine the bytes of a text file.
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